Suona playing fingering

Suona playing fingering

The fingering on the fluent melody, music emotion expression have direct relation. Finger used properly, tongue, refers to the easy coordination, otherwise, it will affect the required speed, play effect, and skills into full play. Therefore, fingering in Suo Na playing occupies an important position, can not be

The fingering on the fluent melody, music emotion expression have direct relation. Finger used properly, tongue, refers to the easy coordination, otherwise, it will affect the required speed, play effect, and skills into full play. Therefore, fingering in Suo Na playing occupies an important position, cannot be ignored.

The suona fingering understanding is less consistent, I think, in addition to a few holes for fingering that called "do" ( or drum voice what tone) -- to determine the tone music, far contains fingering changes of content.

The fingering and tuning problems, between regions is not the same (hereinafter to third as "do", "Sao" cylinder sound D adjustable suona as an example ). Have the habit of using D adjustable tube tone as Sao fingering, have used the C adjustable tube tone as re fingering, and used the C La and A cylinder sound regulating tube tone as do fingering etc.. In practice, folk music, due to local style influence and the request, the suitable fingering after tuning it is normal, the music is often the fingering is put in significant position, tone dependent. But in the ensemble, accompaniment that is different (usually determined according to tune fingering, fingering can also be for convenience, for the suona ), therefore, is not all songs are treated the same as, according to the specific circumstances, can be changed without changing the fingering suona, or change the fingering for the suona. The most basic method of finger holes, from the scale from low supreme order, sure start first with Sao fingering as well, if re fingering, the first tone in the scale of do, will appear over high blowing method, ( the original l23into I 23) in this way, apparently increased the control accuracy of the difficulty. Therefore, in teaching, should use the Sao fingering, fingering is in line with the step by step from the shallower to the deeper, the teaching principles, and grasp the intonation is convenient, but also reflects the pronunciation from low to high from easy to difficult teaching requirements. In addition, some people take the third do D to adjust the suona as G, transferring E into

A ( is the third do as SAO ), which is a positive regulator as compensation. I think, in the third do to determine the tone is more appropriate, the flute is rural with the fingering pitch.

The fingering and set the tone, usually with a press ( i.e. drum voice ) for any sound fingering to call. Such as a whole according to Sao and press re, known as Sao and re fingering. According to the no tone and third what sound is one thing, but is different. Such as a whole by Suo is equivalent to the third do. No matter what fingering, a high of eight degrees and eight degrees of the same low fingering, drum sound and the first of Kong Yin Alto, general and multi-purpose the bits ( seventh, eight holes ), but sometimes because of music demands and fingering convenience, can also be used to ( a cylinder sound and the first hole ). The bits in the intonation control that has the difficulty, so, for beginners to use a general. Finger in use, no matter what made a sound, generally at least three or more fingers ( distribution on the left or the right hand under the bit ) is attached to the rod wall of the suona, keeping a steady state equilibrium, in order to finger flexibility. This is the actual retention refers to the use of ( fork fingering applies).

Application of retention means, from the start, is generally more open to the first, two or three, four holes, holes for retaining a first finger, if open again fifth, six or seven, eight holes, the fifth Kong Youcheng retention means. When the punch eight holes, the fifth finger and open - hole. According to the four holes, the first finger to open holes. When the fourth holes play fast refers to the flower, the first finger holes can also be raised, if need fourth holes in the finger holes ( not from the rod wall ) to slide up and down have special skills not only refers to the flower, the first finger to open holes, together with the right thumb is to temporarily leave the rod wall. But the eighth holes finger refers to the flower, the fifth finger holes can remain motionless. General open sixth holes, the fifth hole for retaining means. If the particular case according to oneself, do not keep that can control the pitch, also can accompany the open, it can make the finger activity more agile, however played five rapid pentatonic melody, in order to transport means, convenient, and can retain the fifth hole finger. As of eighth holes with fourth finger holes like fingers, to produce a flower special skills, the fifth finger also must open hole. In addition, drum voice fingering, is also a kind of typical retention refers to the use of methods. The above is based on Sao fingering speak retention means, such as changing the fingering; because the scale interval changes, so keep that has changed. As Sao fingering, playing the FA, the fifth hole for retaining a; La fingering played FA, fourth holes into the retention means etc.. Only through the above described foot can be seen, the correct use of retention means, do contribute to finger flexibility, skills into full play, the pitch of the accurate control and music emotion performance. To enable us to understand and use the fingering, fingering for the identification and selection, it is according to the musical range and style requirements, usually to music the bass to determine the fingering, special circumstances can also be used to lower than the bass note or in accordance with local style requirements to determine the use of fingering. Such as" battle song", its range is from a small print group A to print in two groups of B, according to its tonality, identified as the Sao fingering; Hebei folk song" Jasmine Flower", the bass is do, this should be do fingering, in order to adapt to the local style, using Sao fingering, of course also should consider it. Fingering the utilization and control of chromatic pitch relationship is very close, half by fingering ( actual accounted for less open to control a semitone ), often used in slightly faster and faster in the music; and with the lip, gas control by a semitone, often in a slightly slower and slow music. The above story is a chromatic semitone control method, natural tone, general and multi-purpose the lip, gas control ( including low control and high control ), but also by retention means to solve, but also by a retaining means to solve, such as Sao fingering played FA, MI holes for retaining means, play the Si when, can also open do sound hole ( half retention means). In the ascending semitone ( control ), can also be used to supplement the main lip gas control method; flat ( low control), and can be used to supplement the gas is mainly lip control method. Of course, this control method not lump together, in solo and ensemble, general allegations ( half to full, full press ).

The music emotion, style and skill requirements, fingering in use is changing ( here refers to a tune fingering in change). Such as Sao fingering in sixth, seven, eight three through holes, and gas control, are issued by Sao pitch, and the eighth holes can also be issued by La, Si, do three different pitch; and re mi, fingering, fA, Sao three tone can be composed of eighth holes send, if the four five six holes for half finger retention fingers, coupled with lip gas, can send a eight degrees within several voice, of course here more generally applicable to imitation blowing adagio in singing. There is a special kind of harmonic control method, comprising a hole made several highly different tone to Sao fingering, for example,"5" issue5512",6" issue6623, but rarely with the fingering, so it is more difficult to master. Such as" this " in " spring coo " sounds, by the single open a six-hole pronunciation according to the re fingering. As can be seen from here is, several different holes, can be issued with a pitch, a hole can be issued in several different height. In addition, still borrow hole fingering, such as playing Hebei Bangzi aria, soprano with borrow fingering fingering holes Sao, do by do re re issued a hole, a hole by re mi pronunciation ( from soprano, slightly open eighth holes, also belong to the special through hole fingering ). Through hole fingering on the voice, give a person a kind of relaxed bright feeling, and labor saving, but applies only to the adagio aria in G imitation, but also used in the treble area; through hole fingering voice ( such as re fingering, Sao by FA, have strong inner holes emit ) are applicable in the upper position, alto area. Played the Shandong folk music and opera, with re fingering, the bits of the MI and SA0used in conjunction, can adopt high control method makes the MI, SA0, MI sound emitted and Sao, MI two pitches, the effect of fine greasy smooth; and playing the Si, La, SA0three I, can be at the same time the half open do, Si, La three sound holes, using low control method and its effect of pronunciation, subtle humor. The music changes in mood and content needs, upper and lower position of the same pitch, also can change ( especially in the phrase repeated .). Such as re fingering of56562321 and56562321, of2321use position, II in2321for the position, under this position alternation technique also belong to beat method change application. Using this technique, the timbre and the effect of contrast, enriching the expressive force of the music.

Fingering changes with soprano and overblowing treble intonation control application also has special relationship. Such as Sao fingering in "Mi, FA, Sao three treble in the MI, sometimes the pronunciation is not pure RE can be used as a retention time of, or use Mi Mi to F overtone fingering retained three holes of the fingers, may also be employed eighth holes slightly open a little ( as the Western band open the soprano the method of key .). The high FA, Sao not spit played the pronunciation, can be used as little as possible to open multiple press charges, coupled to the finger speed open press and Dayton spit method to fit a like, can ensure the two tone ( SAO spit spit playing fruit played more difficult, there must be correct. And a certain angle .). In addition, due to retain refers to destroy the melody even coherence, fluency, in this case can keep a variable pronunciation hole as a retention means ( open half Press ) method. Such as La fingering played23463432 L, wherein the FA sound from the original Mi hole reserved fingers into half-open FA sound and pronunciation.

Fingering in use, must be aimed to change use, otherwise it will produce the effect of income and health. Special playing modern creates music, as well as accompaniment, ensemble, ensemble music, must according to the specific circumstances, determine reasonable fingering ( including tune fingering ), must not simply abuse.

The fingering and the shape of the mouth, although is the two problem, but they often are inseparable. Especially it is pitch control and pitch changes and special skills, needs both of them closely. Such as re fingering, playing bass ( lower than the bass fingering ) do, hold down the re holes emit do tone ( heavy drop re ). The fingering changes shape, with occur substantially ( lips relaxed protrusive ) changes, of course, breath control also need to give the corresponding complexes; phase reverse, in eighth holes on the sound Sao Mi sound emitted when, due to the special fingering, they also gave corresponding ( lips after tension ) cooperate, here also can not ignore the breath control and coordination effect. " This" in a variety of birds, due to the special sound, require special skills, so must pass special fingering and special export form to have prostate. To hoot owls as example, it need to mouth, neither lips after slightly package cusp, nor the lips relaxed forward, but with the sign, the orbicularis oris muscle close to the gums, chin up, have shut up, lips a flat state, similar to a smile. While fingering, neither to open a hole, according to a sound, not the full open and full by some holes, but refers more to rise to fall together together slightly tapering slightly gradually by some sound, all the activities of the finger basically does not leave the rod wall. And as Hebei basket voice skills, although is a mute, but due to the special shape (upper lip moving contact reed root, lower lip after close contact whistle and whistle sheet part close to the upper lip and a lower lip, forced upward downward forcibly, have expanded the oral mouth feeling ) and special fingering (except Si the one or two tone holes, each of the other tone is used which tone which hole fingering ) combination, so the voice has a special color have a style of one's own.

The fingering is a very complex issue, more problems will fingering and tuning, retention refers to the use, control, or fingering and music emotion, style and technique combination, fingering and overblowing intonation control problems elaborated his own views. Of course, the suona fingering problem also more than these, above mentioned problems should be further explored, this is only his years of teaching and performance summary, limited outlook is unavoidably oversight the fallacy, invited everyone criticism.

Playing the guzheng in bad posture as well as the correct method

Playing the guzheng in bad posture as well as the correct method

Fancies of men of letters are pay attention to posture is correct, this is the first lesson learning guzheng, so today we are going to talk about playing the guzheng in bad posture as well as the correct method. The correct posture can study, contact with. Incorrect posture in long time practicing playing after prone to physical exhaustion, leading to

Fancies of men of letters are pay attention to posture is correct, this is the first lesson learning guzheng, so today we are going to talk about playing the guzheng in bad posture as well as the correct method. The correct posture can study, contact with. Incorrect posture in long time practicing playing after prone to physical exhaustion, thereby causing the flighty and impetuous. So a good position in the teaching need attention.

The guzheng should first pay attention to is the basic playing posture relaxation, nature, also is the hand, arm, shoulder and the reminder of the relaxation of natural. The cause of psychological factors and technical barriers cause unnatural tension phenomenon, and this tension phenomenon has a serious impact on the development of learning guzheng technology, easy to cause muscle fatigue, shoulder ache, hand pain and some other occupation.

How do we need natural relaxation? Natural feeling and visual sense of the comfortable and natural, in the basic training pay special attention to the tension and relaxation of the cyclic alternating, is playing the string after the stress relaxation. Ancient cloud:" alternate tension with relaxation, Chinese pen and sword Arts also." The following are some basic training in bad playing posture caused by tension phenomenon, then we should be how to correct?

1eagle claw hand refers to the hand, wrist stiffness high hand shape state

This hand shape and tension, is not desirable. Then play the zither hand shape what state it? Natural hand shape, relaxation of the hand shape.

For what is a natural hand shape, interpretation and understanding of each are not identical, for hand shape such as" chicken"," drooping lotus", also called " and refers to the line, and the front beam of parallel, elbows raised naturally, slightly outward". In fact, these requirements are very difficult to make the hand to relax, instead it makes the hand more nervous. Because of these requirements so that the finger, wrist, elbow, upright after soaring high, are in a state of tension, so the hand shape how to relaxation?

Natural hand, is a state of relaxation of the hand shape, namely people stand natural hands droop when the state. According to the performance requirements, the thumb finger slightly spread, a natural bent, hands with a fist. The relaxation of natural hand shape, not only displays in the resting state, also appears in the play the dynamic process; not only is the right hand playing the chord structure, but also play the basic posture.

2high elbow

My elbow, people referred to as the" frame with shoulder bullet zheng". Elbow raised arm would be nervous, but also easy to rigid arm, the posture of the students' performance has great influence. Long term high elbow, into a natural habit, errors are difficult to detect, when the skill learning progressed, quick tips so that the tension of the increase, excessive stress can cause the muscle strain, arm pain symptoms will appear.

Cause my elbow reasons, many zither rack and bench height of discomfort caused by. Koto rack and bench height is easily overlooked, often appear the phenomenon is high, low: Koto rack stool, so when playing for the string convenient, elbow must lift, it is said above in the performance of high elbow posture; Zheng frame, high low stool can also influence play, is not desirable; Zheng frame low, the player can stretch freely stool legs; high, playing easy hunched over, are very awkward.

Bench height: sitting and playing, asked to play the arm drooping naturally, toggle the hand to the kite strings, height to player's waist and Zheng stigma parallel is better, this highly arm is no burden.

The rack height to sit and play: for example, in accordance with the player's legs are just can freely stretch in Koto rack suitable for.

The ancient Chinese legend of the four famous piano

The ancient Chinese legend of the four famous piano

The Guqin is making a long history, many famous piano are recorded, and has wonderful piano with magical legend. The most famous of which is the Qi Huangong “ the bell, Chu Zhuangwang ” “ &rdquo, &ldquo head; Sima Xiangru; Lvqi ” and

The Guqin is making a long history, many famous piano are recorded, and has wonderful piano with magical legend. The most famous of which is the Qi Huangong's" on the clock", Chu Zhuangwang's" head", Sima Xiangru's" Lvqi" and

Cai Yong's" coke tail". The four Zhang Qin known as the " four famous piano". Now this well-known in the world, "four famous piano" has become history, but their influence on later generations did not disappear.

1clock

" The bell" is the name of Zhou Dai piano. The sound of loud, like Ding agitate, horn bell, a deafen the ear with its roar. Legends of the ancient outstanding pianist Ya ever played" the bell" piano. Later," the bell" to Qi warm hands. Qi is the Qi warm the wise king, familiar melody. At that time, he collected many piano, but especially cherish this" on the clock" piano. He makes men knock horn, singing to help music, he played" on the clock" with echo. Horn sound, singing sadly," bell" is played sad melody, make both sides were moved to tears.

2head

New" the tune lingered in the room. Three days without a break," the language of. Its etymology to" Liezi" in a story: Zhou Zhaoshi, the famous Korean singer Han E to pass by state, city lost income, but had to change for food. Her sad song in the air maneuver, such as wild goose bell. Han E died three days later, the song remained in the beam, unforgettable.

Music to" head" name, then the piano timbre characteristic, must be exposed continuously. It is said that " head" was a man called Hua Yuan Chu Zhuangwang presents, the making of an unknown age. Since Chu Zhuangwang got" head " later, all fiddled, intoxicated in music. Once, he even for seven days in a row up, the state affairs all behind. Princess Fan Ji with abnormal anxiety, Chu Zhuangwang said:" the king, you too lost in music!

In the past, Xiajie love ' Meixi ' of Joseph, incurring fatal disaster; King Zhou mishearing demoralizing tune, but lost the state. Now, the king loved ' head ' of the piano, seven days without power, is also willing to lose the state and life?" Chu Zhuangwang Wenyan lost in thought. He could not resist the temptation of " head", had to reluctantly part, life with iron Ruyi to beat music, piano pieces for the number of segments. Since then, million people envy" head" of the piano art.

3Lvqi

" Lvqi" is the well-known scholar Sima Xiangru playing a harp. Sima Xiangru originally came from a poor family, a bleak, but his poems very famous. This attracted to ask him to be given, such as the wrote a" Yu Fu" for the. Given the rhetoric beauty, style extraordinary. This is very happy, in his collection of" Lvqi" Qin rebate. " Lvqi" is a famous piano, piano with inscription reads: " Tongzi spirit" that is, the essence of paulownia wood with zinc. Such as the" Lvqi", such as the treasures. His superb music with" Lvqi" exquisite timbre, make" Lvqi" Piano enjoy quite a reputation. Later," Lvqi" became the nickname of the guqin.

Once, Sima Xiangru and friends, rich Zhuo Wangsun attracted a banquet. Drinking is strong, and said:" I heard that you ' Lvqi ' playing excellent, Please Fuck A, let us a rocks." Such as the early hear Zhuo Wangsun's daughter Wenjun, talented, accomplished in music, but also for his extremely admire. Sima Xiangru plays the song" the Phoenix" to woo her. I listen to music, to understand the meaning, not by flushed, feel excited. She lost her heart such as the talent, to reward "intimate encounters", then night flight phases such as shelter, marriage. Since then, Sima Xiangru Jean pursuit Wenjun, called for the age-old story.

4 coke tail

" Coke tail" is the Eastern Han Dynasty renowned writer, musician Cai Yong personally produced a harp. Cai Yong in" the sea, far trace Wu Hui", had to fire rescue a not burn, abnormal sound of sycamore. He based wood length, shape, made of a lyre, was the voice of extraordinary. Because the lyre Shang Liuyou scorch, named the" coke tail". " Coke tail" with its pleasant sound and unique preparation method universally known for.

At the end of Han Dynasty, Cai Yong were killed," coke tail" Qin is still preserved in the Royal Library. 300 years later, during the reign of Emperor Ming Qi, Qin master in order to appreciate Wang Cuxiong's Superman music, a person out of the store for many years" coke tail" piano playing, to Wang Zhongxiong. Wang Zhongxiong played five days, and improvised the" troubles" to the Ming emperor. To the Ming Dynasty, Wang Fengnian of Kunshan, also.

The stroke of the inflection point -- Song Fei" erhu" Buddha" Scene Concert Suite dreams" symbolic significance

The stroke of the inflection point -- Song Fei" erhu" Buddha" Scene Concert Suite dreams" symbolic significance

Late on November 23rd, at the national theatre drama show."" Buddha dream" -- Song Fei erhu scene concert", like a tangible and intangible hand, shifting from the audience heart strings, awesome, set people thinking.

According to the composer, the full version of the erhu divertimento" Buddha" stage interpretation of dreams, is the creation for the first time since the world premiere, and a cappella deductive form, with flute, zither, drum music interlude, also equipped with high-tech multimedia audio-visual effect. The song ends with the girls beautiful voice and, coupled with the sky like Buddha from on sprinkling, aesthetically, called Swan song.

But I have not read the" Yuxi Sir robe repair Rolland" literature, has studied Liu Wenjin's the erhu fiddle suite, but the concert scene feeling, make the person for a long time hard ... ...

The scene erhu concert, it is the form of playing erhu works and a bold attempt, as it is the erhu and even the entire national instrumental music in the development of a turning point. This turning point, will make the erhu the instrument, in an instrument, from the musical instrument from the trend toward weapons on the way, began to move toward the road (see special report" an instrument device" )

Nearly a hundred years of Erhu mileage, from grassroots complex to the scholar consciousness, and from the scholar consciousness to the national behavior, has been almost essential changes. Today's music, the music of the tentacles of the heaven and the people philosophy proposition, this is undoubtedly a bold beyond.

The beyond the leader Mr. Liu Wenjin, to achieve his own era change from" Sanmenxia Capriccio", to the national spirit" on the Great Wall", but also to the philosophy and religion to explore the" Buddha dream" such an erhu music three jumps, the jump is not simple sense of the past regression ( regression and spans are two different concepts, see the article to be published" Liu Jin erhu music across the three major" )

" Buddha" dream interpretation of MS Song Fei, with her again with the Zen erhu, refresh the previous to her perception and impression.

These years the erhu rock group, has been gradually shows the respective huqin character : a handsome as niche like Deng Jiandong, there are clear as we like Yu Hongmei, and Song Fei in the old erhu like grand, in today's erhu music become an independent school. Today's Zen, and convey an erhu big love and warmth ... ...

We know, in recent years the development of the erhu in industrialization, globalization, social background, along the path of a competitive, march forward courageously (see the article" erhu competitive era" ) and Song Fei erhu to really good Zen and meditation, not only gave the new realm of Erhu performance, also implies the erhu the art of a new inflection point.

We are glad that the occurrence of inflection point, also with a dream, the aesthetic pursuit of the performers appear, more happy one is full of cultural consciousness and rich sense of mission leader emergence.

Of course, this " make erhu into a role, so that the play is soluble in context" (song fly ) concert form attempt, is just the beginning. Because, by the representational screen to express the image of music, is a challenging topic, moreover is also a religious theme of erhu works, we want to see is, a more vivid stage space of imagination. At the same time, the main playing erhu and bias of the empty inspiration, dance language interpretation of music language the exact feeling and so on, will be the audience next time look.

Come nearly ten years, as in a university professor, in addition to their" teaching erhu", and concentrated in the future. "Study" teaching erhu" erhu" (" Den" erhu "say, see the press article" erhu theory a new starting point -- Professor Song Guosheng" the art of Erhu performance" on the do everything in one's power" ) to their range, as the erhu history have disappeared and the disappearing of the old masters, published a book with finishing ( the author has edited and published the Chu Shizhu, Mr Chen Zhaoru's book, is now preparing for the publication of Chen Zhenduo, Min Jiqian, Mr. Zhang Zirui literature Monographs ), carried out" in the literature history of the erhu . "" a proposition of the project work. Years of teaching experience to prove, the erhu as a discipline to make steady progress continues, there must be a solid theoretical foundation for support, and the literature resources too thin, too thin ... ... ( fortunately, Hongkong colleague Mr. Tan Yaozong, for many years dedicated to the work and achievements of this subject ) lady Song Fei to watch, have an informal discussion, say, hastily written, inappropriate place, also hope to know a generous with your criticism.

The November 26, 2011 Stone City on the banks of the Qinhuai River

Bai Juyi" Pipa": the failings of Pipa female image is not true

Bai Juyi" Pipa": the failings of Pipa female image is not true

Pipa girl is a music prostitutes, belonging to a geisha. They belong to the ancient" a book", regardless of is the geisha music, or folk Geisha, in essence, are all slaves, not free. They are politically, socially suffered all kinds of discrimination.

Bai Juyi's" Pipa" is the Chinese poetry history works, the poem to music description is very successful, this without me. I want to say a problem, is the pipa female this image authenticity. Pipa female this image, is a less real image. Specifically, is she" married to a merchant" after life, have a serious sense of loss, this point is not true. Pipa girl is a music prostitutes, belonging to a geisha. They belong to the ancient" a book", regardless of is the geisha music, or folk Geisha, in essence, are all slaves, not free. They are politically, socially suffered all kinds of discrimination. If they do not "take off take", even if married, gave birth to a son, their son has not participated in the imperial examination, not an official, could only be slaves for generations. Their greatest wish, is good. For example, the prostitute Xu Yueying wrote this poem:

With" Xu Yueying"

For the loss of three from weeping tears frequency, this body he use the human relations? Although the days are long envied by music, Jingchai and cloth skirt.

" Three from" is home from the father, married from the husband, the husband dies from. This is the ancient woman's life. But the prostitute is not the destination, they lose their father 's asylum, most people no husband without child, helpless, they were thrown out of normal human relationships, so" cry tears frequency". Although they all sing merrily and dance gracefully, wear gold and silver, but these are not what they really want, what they really want, like ordinary women to live, even if it is" Jingchai"," sarong", life a bit bitter, they also envy, is yearning.

How to live a life of ordinary women like that? There is only one way: from the. The so-called good, is not to say that getting married on the line, but rather to " off the books", is also the official cancellation from where their" prostitution Ji", they also are free to. But" off the books" is conditional, first of all to have her from music or brothels to redeem, the need to spend a sum of money; then go to the official formalities, and money. Who is willing to spend these two money? Only the truly care about them, love them.

In this sense, Pipa girl should be so lucky. She is in" go join the army aunt brother died, dawn comes after dusk. Color it, desolate pommelled horse is rare before the door" when, in old age when, unexpectedly also" married merchant woman", there is a businessman willing to take her out to redeem, help her" off the books", and then marry her, this is not easy.

From the work description, Pipa girl marry that man, not a wealthy merchant. Because he ran tea is" Fuliang tea", this kind of tea is not high-grade tea, but a very ordinary, very cheap tea. And he needs to own stock, perhaps even without men.

Although he is not rich, but to the pipa female still very distressed. He personally went to the" Fuliang" purchase, brave the wind and dew, take all sorts of risks, but let the pipa female in the bustling Yang ( Jiujiang today ), is also the defending ship only, and nothing else.

Pipa girl has a good husband

But the girl did not appreciate the lute. She considers herself" married to a merchant" is a song. Excuse me, you don't get married merchant woman, married women can do? Marry a man woman? Marry a woman poet? " Marry a rich young men" woman? Good," rich young men" that is holding you, the so-called" rich young men for a red silk winding head, unknown". But they would die for you" and take"? Is willing to marry you? You so great an age, old age, in addition to an honest businessman willing to marry you, who else?

Pipa girl said," materialistic businessmen light departure from Fuliang, buy tea go." Excuse me, not materialistic businessmen, not to buy tea, what you eat? What to wear? With what?

In short, the pipa female speech, no matter in the past, still today, is very wrong, is not good, is not to know chalk from cheese.

Pipa female not prayer

Pipa female error, is actually Bai Juyi's error. Because the pipa girl just under his pen Pipa girl, is not necessarily the real life of the pipa girl. Bai Juyi's mistake has four main points:

Not necessarily unhappy married businessman

First, her fate and lack of awareness of prostitutes. He thinks the geisha in sex clubs playing the song," rich young men" contend for to give red envelopes, contend for the tip, which is happiness; and the" rich young men" drink slapstick, made" Tian head cloud grate pieces broken, red silk skirt over liquor pollution", that was happy every day; and" rich young men" out," this laughter fuming years the autumn moon and spring breeze, degree of happiness that can easily". While prostitutes from the book, take off, get married, have a stable, peaceful, secure, someone to love life, but not happy. That is to say, they make slaves of happiness, be free but not happy.

Second, the lack of awareness of him against businessmen. His mind has ingrained small business ideas. He thinks" Pipa woman married to a merchant" is a song, please, don't marry women for businessmen, don't marry as the poet Fu? Your Bai Juyi is willing to marry her? Your compassion for her misfortune, she married you to go back! He added" materialistic businessmen light departure," excuse me, businessman don't do business with you, do not pay tax to the country, the poet and civil servants to eat what? What to wear? For what? Play what? Bai Juyi on the merchant's understanding, as his contemporaries. As long as we have a look" and" Zhang Ji's music, knew when the poet on the merchant's understanding has reached a higher level. So at this point, we don't use the limitations of the times to come for him.

In third, he worked as a civil servant ( of Sima, the equivalent of today by the government of Jiujiang, a secretary ), at dead of night, take a married woman to call his boat drinking it, this still does not say; also used a lot of inappropriate remarks, inappropriate sympathetic, inappropriate incite people to tears, anger at her husband, dissatisfaction with life. Pipa female initially did not want to his ship, he was very hesitant, because after all, at dead of night. But he," time and again", must people out. This is a bit like now some corrupt officials, have to the literary and art workers out hosts, with singing not.

In fourth, Bai Juyi disparages Jiangzhou culture. As we know, the Tang Dynasty of Jiangxi is now in Jiujiang. Jiangzhou treat Yang (now the Jiujiang city location ). Jiangzhou below a county, Pengze, where Tao Yuanming worked as a county magistrate. When he resigned, returned home to Li Li, Li Li to today's county. Both Pengze county or county, today belong to Jiujiang. That is to say, the state of Tang Dynasty, is the hometown of Tao Yuanming, China's first great poet 's hometown. The place to Tao Yuanming, visible where the culture is not backward. Not only is backward, even in very advanced. Bai Juyi in his other works, have more than one expression of admiration and pursuit of Tao Yuanming. But in this first" Pipa", he drove the Tao Yuanming hometown culture down to in a complete mess. " Yang secluded without music, en dezerto Sen muzik'"; and" do what the folk song and village flute, vomit dumb Chaozha to listen to". You is Bai Juyi from Zhengzhou, northern China, you don't understand the south of folk songs, folk songs of judging is not good?

Failure and mood are related

Bai Juyi is on the pipa female marriage, to the merchant, of Jiangzhou folk song, with so many cognitive errors, in addition to his class position, level of understanding reasons, and he felt about. He was demoted to the river city, felt very aggrieved. The problem is, he will vent his heart wronged, he just made a mirage, shaping a is not true Pipa female image, then this is not a true image to a spit the hearts of the unhappy. Bai Juyi also said:" the man is reduced, strangers when we meet?"

In fact, you just man is reduced! Others Pipa girl has found life destination, married an honest businessman, people have what? You put your" are imposed in a lute has emancipated woman, regardless of the truth of history and the reality, this is not a fault. What's more, in order to spit the hearts of the unhappy, he even businessman, even of culture is also a derogatory.

Of course, I pointed out that Bai Juyi's these failure, not to deny his poem, but not to deny him the person. Seek truth from facts speak," Pipa Pipa music" on the description is very successful, unsuccessful on Pipa female description.

Talk about and Jiangnan Sizhu in bamboo flute performance

Talk about and Jiangnan Sizhu in bamboo flute performance

Bamboo flute while in Kunqu accompaniment and Jiangnan Sizhu music is an indispensable musical instrument, but due to the different status, follow the principle of not the same, so the method of playing is differentiated. To find out the differences between the two, find out its general character is the bamboo flute players hold two playing style

Bamboo flute while in Kunqu accompaniment and Jiangnan Sizhu music is an indispensable musical instrument, but due to the different status, follow the principle of not the same, so the method of playing is differentiated. To find out the differences between the two, find out its general character is the bamboo flute players hold two playing style premise. Otherwise you will put the play on Jiangnan style, or the Jiangnan Sizhu music blowing into Kunqu flavor.

The music has more than 400years, is" Qupai body". The tone of smooth far, clear soft fold, elegant affection, Fang Yan, is full of sad stimulated an. Bamboo flute is accompanied by singing, so the player must necessarily be in concert in the exquisite "limelight, leopard tail, pig intestines" namely: word sound to have vents, words to sound to rate, intermediate cavity have ups and downs and other aspects of the request to play. Therefore, the Kunqu Opera in bamboo flute performance characteristics should be cliffide flower, dynamics, a prominent ventral, transport means, strong and resilient.

Jiangnan Sizhu is popular in folk ensembles form along jervois. Music tunes are generally has a beautiful, smooth, soft, clear and distinctive local characteristics. Bamboo flute in Jiangnan Sizhu is a musical instrument, played in an effort to reveal the music to express the thought content, so focus on the artistic appeal of Kung fu. Be in a calm mood, thereby forming a delicate, fruity, gorgeous remarkably like the true features of.

Opera and Jiangnan Sizhu in bamboo flute performance characteristics of different, necessarily involves playing methodological differences. In order to explore, research, special list is as follows.

Bamboo flute performance in the opera and Jiangnan Sizhu is common: in performance techniques, are used to play audio, sound, sound guide, give sound; playing without portamento, does not see the calendar music, cutting tone, arpeggios, also for a double and three spit spit skills; in the play are very pay attention to the use of breath, exquisite, exquisite flavor, this is uncommon in north of flute playing. These common in traditional music performance is more obvious. As for the new creation, adaptation of some opera style and Jiangnan style of music, which also visible absorbing some North bamboo flute playing techniques, because do not belong to the range, say no more.

Phonemic design on dulcimer development influence

Phonemic design on dulcimer development influence

Chinese dulcimer by alien" dulcimer" evolved, after several generations of hard work to develop into today in an influential Chinese dulcimer music. Chinese dulcimer in Chinese National Orchestra occupies an important position, it functions as any piece of national musical instruments are not a substitute for. A dulcimer or that one

Chinese dulcimer by alien" dulcimer" evolved, after several generations of hard work to develop into today in an influential Chinese dulcimer music. Chinese dulcimer in Chinese National Orchestra occupies an important position, it functions as any piece of national musical instruments are not a substitute for. A dulcimer or a certain type of dulcimer, its function is related to the teaching and performance and the development of important issues. The author for many years engaged in professional and dulcimer teaching, from the practice are dulcimer function outside its timbre, volume, range function, modulation function, as well as various types of track structure adaptability and various playing occasions adaptability.

The dulcimer to this development is a history of several hundred years, from the current402dulcimer which reflects the function is still unsatisfactory, timbre, volume, range is improved and extended for 401 pianos, but its transfer function, especially the performance of continuous modulation function in the presence of large defects, it is perplexing Chinese dulcimer development of "disease".

China's reform and opening up for the Chinese music scene has injected great business opportunities and vitality, the music stage repertoire has shown a trend of diversification, originated abroad, domestic a large number of excellent music works were adapted into dulcimer music or various types of music, and playing with these tracks are frequently encountered in intermediate frequent modulation case, while the transfer, is not easy to turn four degrees or five degrees, while the second degree, two degree turn, mistress, three degrees ... ... And so are not uncommon, but the present 402dulcimer is hard to control. One is the 402dulcimer treble phonemes arrangement, it is not difficult to see from figure402dulcimer phonemic design, in the range is also acceptable, but left there are also more than 3semitone adjusting device (commonly known as ' cart ' ), use it to adjust certain adjustable chromatic. This means that if402dulcimer playing some tracks, intermediate to turn three times, five times regulating must use the ' cart ' to adjust the semitone, if performed without the opportunity to adjust ' cart ', then 402piano left roller board the semitones adjusting device on the repertoire is blind zone glasses -- "no use".

At the end of last century has been previously for the erhu music accompaniment dulcimer now gradually retreated, replace sb. Is the piano or orchestra, electro-acoustic band, dulcimer ' positions ' in one point one point loss. The reason is very simple, that is the erhu fiddle repertoire in a frequent, such as:" blue flower Ballade"," shining Kashi Kurgan" etc.. In accompaniment to late to adjust ' cart ', as the erhu fiddle accompaniment had to find their main. The original combined into ' neither an ass nor a horse ', the dulcimer crisis has caused the high attention of the music industry. Now I enumerate some of current Chinese teaching, examination, playing common repertoire of tone, can be resolved at present 402of dulcimer in structural design, can design the serious defect.

G tone:" spring of Red River"," swallow"," Lin"," the Yellow River Capriccio"," Lament"," Ode to the Yellow River"," Su Wu shepherd"," dragon"," think"," mighty wave crashing on a sandy shore"," border"," spring" in the morning," banana"," Wu Ge sheep Stone listen"," evening song"," Xinjiang style"," Cherry song"," spring"," the Yellow River"," red" Shandan Dan blossom," a thing"," island"," new look"," Han Tianlei gull"," Ke Zi"," Bamboo Dance Erke Chung jade"," the tone poem"," dance"," pull" flight of the Bumblebee".

There are some music is in the key of G on C and D subordinate relations, such as:" the rhyme" C,"" D," Tianshan and the timbre" C,"" D," loess situation for" C," Torch Festival" C,"" C," the song" D water," festive Tianshan" D," Turkey March" C," dance of Four Little Swans" C,"" D," general emotion"," C"," C Eagle snakes bucket happy Xinjiang" D.

From these tracks can stick out a mile that Chinese dulcimer repertoire for the G or its subordinate relationship between C, D. So some Chinese dulcimer dulcimer masters call is G adjustable dulcimer, this is a grain of truth, also shows Chinese dulcimer ( the current widespread use of type 402) to play the part of G or C, D tone, tone is used in a very narrow range.

Dulcimer teaching must be combined with practice performance. From the present stage musical repertoire, it behooves us to dialysis a dulcimer in the design of ' disease ', to straighten out the dulcimer structure design and phonemic design ideas, to make Chinese dulcimer teaching and performance into the healthy development, the track of scientific development.

In the above cited dulcimer music, for single, multiple G or G two relations, but in the social performance of multiple adjustable combined tracks, for 402 pianos are often unable to complete the task, for example, a large national music variety show, a national instrumental music ( solo, Concerto, solo, ensemble). Music in Chinese opera, Chinese and Foreign Songs Medley, folk songs, folk dances, if need dulcimer play, make smooth reading performance, a series of changes, the 402will face great difficulties of dulcimer. The dilemma you can't blame everyone and everything but not oneself, can you blame the composer? You can blame party music director? Can only say that402dulcimer structure design is not reasonable, phoneme arrangement unreasonable caused by. 402piano into the end of the last century, with the world development trend has been exposed to music. Music works toward the inevitable a diversity of styles, many changes direction, it is not in the educators and Yangqin player will transfer objective reality.

The development must be adapted to the composer, cannot use dulcimer constraints, constraints author of the art of play, but can not let the music director according to 402dulcimer limitations to arrange music program. The 402type of dulcimer because of structural constraints, resulting in a difficult, although the song was preceded by ' cart ' a tone scale calibration, but rely on the adjusting method and put things right once and for all to the whole concert repertoire for all accompaniment tasks, it is not possible.

Dulcimer in Chinese national music, national opera, local folk art is the main accompaniment of musical instruments, if as an opera opera plate accompaniment, you can see the402organ can take a leading role? This program is serially connected: D adjustable Pingju" water landscape of" March F adjustable Huangmei Opera" angel matches, both husband and wife around the house also" turn C Hebei Bangzi" Dadengdian", then E Flat Opera" Chaoyanggou" and then go to Sichuan Opera E adjustable" the palace of eternal youth", turn to the B Flat Opera" the Peacock Flies Southeast", want to put the combination of the repertoire of the perfect accompaniment down at least three players use three sets of dulcimer.

The author for many years in Dalian City ensembles engaged in dulcimer playing professional body, its use in a ' cart ' does not really solve the rapid transfer of problem, and often some large-scale variety show using 402piano playing intermediate could adjust the semitones, so you for this song accompaniment will be stranded, don't you think embarrassed? From my years of performance practice, on 402 of the phonemic pattern of deep feelings. Since 2006I were replaced by a Tangshan your army 601dulcimer, although this musical instrument is composed of 402key development, but due to a left a row treble code, phonemic design rationality to play, so in the dulcimer performance in handy. The use of 601organ can not only complete the outstanding traditional dulcimer solo and all national instrumental music, opera, acrobatics accompaniment, but also do a job with skill and ease of completing a frequent, different styles of Chinese and Foreign Songs Medley, upon the analysis of the dulcimer several phonemic design was Shen Yin Liu Hanli and Mr. Pan Guijun in Tangshan, production of the 601cooperative design dulcimer ( tone bitmap Figure2) has a characteristic very much, except for a very high stability, the other is its phonemic design has two main advantages: one is played first phoneme phonemes as fast as low, convenient; two is the current commonly used bound tracks playing dulcimer performance characteristics, in order to improve the teaching quality and show the quality of the foundation. Again, the Liaoning sand Changchun used Tangshan your army 601piano for two attempt phoneme design ( Figure 3, figure 4) is a prospective, figure 3 is the dulcimer future development and design of pure law of twelve average, especially suitable for all types of music performances and a frequent Chinese and foreign music, especially girls band playing new repertoire has too wonderful for words. Figure 4is the pure law of twelve average, the left ALT code tuning do shift processing and on the left side of the second parallel rows of second degree treble code form chromatic progressive relation, thus playing a chromatic rapidly progressive repertoire particularly easy, comfortable. The author thinks the figure 3, figure 4phonemic design in twelve surveys in the play presents ' identity ' technique, is especially suitable for the teaching and the vast majority of solo to play, and to frequent modulation accompaniment that is played in the " pediatrics".

The author uses601musical instrument for several years of playing and teaching students learning Yangqin was aging significantly improved, not only in the treble area, shorten the training time by several times, and hit the treble area notes accuracy, speed, quality is improved.

Scientific design for the expansion of dulcimer, phonemic function to improve teaching efficiency has a crucial impact. The author carefully study,402dulcimer although can also complete a large number of outstanding solo repertoire, but also for any kind of tone simple music accompaniment, but I based all over the country dulcimer dulcimer playing that reality, for all types of music accompaniment is far higher than the dulcimer solo repertoire, that is to say, Chinese dulcimer educator, academic worker, dulcimer maker, as well as a large number of performers, focus should be laid on the dulcimer versatility. To expand the dulcimer function of which the most important is the reasonable structural design and scientific phoneme arrangement so as to solve the problem of the dulcimer.

Imagine: if the402piano teaching into601piano teaching, must save a lot of treble of phonemic practice time, saving time let the students learn a little Chinese and foreign literature and art, including the Chinese and foreign literature, opera, ballet and opera, Chinese original folk music, so that they will play the works of a deeper understanding of work content, quality level will be higher. For example: if you for Erhu" Honghu people's wish" accompaniment, you can use the time saved to see the movie" Honghu Lake", listen to Wang Yuzhen" see the toilsome peoples liberation" original singing; if you for Erhu" sunshine three fold", can you go to the West." Out of the pass" verse; if you want to make a good play" in the morning", you may wish to use the time saved to Yunnan Miao village, living out there throughout the poem, listen Shanghai flute master Yu Xunfa 's eponymous mouth flute solo; in short, if we do not update the teaching instrument, is always in the 402piano treble zone ' touch, climbing, rolling, ', you can't be a pair of Chinese dulcimer development contribute to the dulcimer dulcimer playing home educators.

In contrast, Tangshan your army 601in high stability on the basis of the development of Chinese yangqin has solved two problems ( especially in Figure 3, figure 4treble phonemic design ): one is to solve the twelve tone can be converted, and convenient, fast; two in the treble area playing techniques are simplified, easy to learn and play, time saving and high efficiency, can kill.

The successful performance on stage is the terminal, and the first end is the early teaching. Early education on organ type choice should be rational, phonemic design if not reasonable and inevitable cause students a waste of time. In the era of progress, social development, music in progress, will be the development of dulcimer. Chinese dulcimer educators have a responsibility, obligation to renew an idea, adjust train of thought using phonemic design more scientific, more compact playing dulcimer to teaching, to perform.

Percussion

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Percussion Overview

Chinese musical instruments, percussion instruments, the oldest. Common are:

A, Zhong Qing class. Bells and Chimes. Such suspension of percussion instruments, ancient times was called "Le hanging, pre - Qin important ceremonial instrument.

Second, the drums. Including dozens of bass drum, snare drum, percussions, drum used by peddlers drums, tiger bird frame drum. Such instrument to the cylinder chamber skin made percussion pronunciation.

Third, gongs and cymbals class. Include a variety of large and small gongs, cymbals or cymbals are brass ringers.

Four simple board class. Wooden fish, green light, pear simple, Yu Gu, usually made with bamboo.

Percussion instruments, a wide range of playing skills and rich and expressive, plays an important role in China and China band.

Bronze bells

Bronze bells Yong Zhong, New York bell and clock, three kinds of shape, the cavity is generally co-watt shaped ancient Chinese court etiquette of the unique features musical instruments, sound Zhuang Yan Hongliang, lingering rain, majestic, noble and dignified and solemn ethos .

Early form of Chinese bronze bells can be traced back to the ancient Tao Zhong, Tao bell and Shang Rao. Bells appeared in only three complete sets of the Western Zhou Dynasty, early, in order to improve the music performance, the ancient Chinese people will be a variety of shapes of bells, assembled in the huge bells groups. Hubei with the County bells of Marquis Yi of Zeng, up to 65 as a set is the culmination of this instrument. The chimes of a bell tone "is a brilliant scientific inventions in ancient China. 2000 years, the bells has always been an important instrument in the palace.

Chimes

Chimes is a ceremonial musical instruments used in ancient Chinese palace, according to a certain temperament structure combined from several pieces of chime stones. Hung on the rack, playing sound with a hammer against. Sound crisp and spreads, with the excellent performance of the melody.

The archaeological discovery of the earliest chime stones unearthed in Shanxi Province, China the Xiangfen Taosi sites, and dating back more than four or five thousand years of history. Chimes in the late Shang Dynasty, reflecting the needs of the people chime melody performance. 3000 years, Chimes and bells together constitute the court for the Chinese court ritual music - music hanging.

Drum

The modern drum, usually wooden, hollow Mongolia skins mallet against sound. Different uses, the more types of size. The diameter of the drum drumhead 46 to 86 cm and other kinds of specifications. The play, set a wooden frame, with two thick wooden Chui percussion pronunciation, tone deep and ambitious. Can be used solo, instrumental ensemble, dance accompaniment, traditional festivals, festive gatherings and other occasions.

Snare drum shape similar to the drum, drum diameter of about 18-21 cm, tone, firm and elastic.

Row drum up a number of different sizes according to a certain pitch of relations timpani.

Small drum for marking shape is small and flat, hanging shelves playing solid, sound crisp and the role of orchestra conductor from the Peking Opera.

The drum is the early use of musical instruments in the original peoples of the world. The earliest specimens of Chinese drum instrument, is the ancient earth drum, clay fired into a drum box, and then cast a film made of the drum. The archaeological discovery of the wooden drum, the earliest age in the lizard Shanxi xiangfen Relics drums, dating back more than 4500 years of history. In China 2000 years ago in ancient documents, the name of the drum up to scores of The drum still is one of the Chinese people's favorite festive musical instruments.

Gong

Gong with Chinese characteristics, copper percussion instrument, the gong itself was a circular arc, the central part of that gong-ray or navel. With the development of folk wind and percussion musical genres and many operas, the gong of musical instruments are widely spread in various parts of China, a wide range.

Large gong with mallet percussion sounds, percussion small gong gong board edges. The pitch of the gong is generally not very clear, large gong sound rich, deep; small gong crisp and witty. Gong to keep rhythm, to heighten the atmosphere, it is.

Gongs gong class pitch melody instrument. Chronicles gongs, small gongs 10-14 surface. Early gongs used for Taoist life, and the subsequent spread in the community. Traditional gongs more than 10 side of a small gong on the gallows. The top side of "senior engineers gong" is not commonly used, thereby it is also known as the nine tone gong. Reform after the 29 tone and 38 tone gongs, the range of g, ~ f3 and c1 to c4, respectively. Gongs can play the melody for a variety of rhythmic pattern accompaniment for the music, the sound is strong and brilliant.

Generally believed that the gong is the late Northern Wei Dynasty from northwest China, then known as sand gong. In recent years, Guangxi Gui County, Bay No. 1 tomb unearthed the side of the early Han gong shows in southern China, the gongs time has more than 2000. Chinese Tang and Song poetry, played the description of the gongs.

Cymbals

The cymbal is a brass percussion, folk said cymbal. Disc-shaped, the central hemispherical raised, the center drill a small hole, you can wear the Department of leather cord or silk. Both sides for one, played with both hands armed with side hit each other, loud, noisy sound. Commonly used in folk instrumental ensembles, opera, dance accompaniment, and specialized percussion band. Small, medium, and large variety of shapes. Cymbals, China Southern and Northern Dynasties has been used. To the early 6th century AD, the cymbals have been very popular in the folk.

Muyu

The wooden fish is a wooden percussion instrument, the form of pellets Fish, abdominal hollow middle of the head opening; hammer wooden mallet head olive. The Muyu large and small, the pitch also varied. In the modern nation band, see also scales arranged in sets of wooden fish, has a certain melody performance. The Muyu sound is crisp and bright, lively music, solo short phrases, mimicking the effect of hoofs preferred.

Muyu original Buddhist "Vatican blow" (religious songs) instruments for the accompaniment of Buddhist songs, popular folk since the Qing Dynasty.

Plucked string instruments

Plucked Instruments Overview

Chinese plucked string instruments, plucked with fingers or plectrum or with the Qin bamboo hit string instruments and pronunciation. Shape, different playing method, plucked instruments can be divided into three categories:

A piano, zheng class. Guqin, guzheng representative. Such instrument to a rectangular wooden box for the piano on the set strings, lying flat play;

Two Pipa class. Nguyen, three-stringed lute, Liuqin Yueqin, Qin Qin and so on. This type of instrument with round or pear-shaped wooden box for Body, Neck longer. Rotary neck Anxian on the left hand, right hand plucked, placed in the legs to play;

Third, the dulcimer class. Trapezoidal wooden box, dulcimer to piano, stood on the code string, bamboo piano clavichord pronunciation.

Guqin

Guqin formerly known as the "piano" as a whole is a wooden prolate shape resonance box. Outside of the piano surface embedded 13 round phoneme sign, called the emblem. Piano the end of set 2 feet, and open Longchi "," Phoenix marsh "two out of the sound hole. Strings tied in the Qin Zhen. The guqin common variety of piano-style the Fuxi type Zhong Ni type. The age-old guqin film often broken lines; broken lines, piano pronunciation opacity, the more valuable. Qin Zhang 7 chord, there are mainly three kinds of tune a stringed instrument method: First, C, D, F, G, A, c, d; C and D and F, G and bB, c, d; C, D, E, G, A, c, d, range C, ~ d3,. Playing the piano at the table, his right hand plucked strings, left hand the Anxian take sound. The Guqin tone is elegant, artistic conception.

Traditional music of "Flowing Water", "Guanglingsan", "Plum Blossom" the Xiaoxiang Shuiyun "," Orchids ".

Guqin at least 3,000 years, the oldest Chinese poetry collection "Book of Songs, piano recorded in many places. And more proficient in playing the ancient upper intellectuals, such as the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai, Bai, Song Dynasty Huizong emperor, is the history of the famous qin. Because the ruler of the initiative, the piano occupies a lofty position in Chinese society.

Zheng

Zheng its ancient historical roots, also known as Zheng. Zheng flat and rectangle constitute a hollow resonator composed of the frame, and the bottom at the bottom to open out the sound hole. Zheng's first tail embedded Yueshan, Zheng surface set the string, the common folk for the 13 string and 16 string, improved Zheng generally located 21 chord. Zheng pentatonic tune a stringed instrument, the range of three octaves. Available with both hands at the same time to play six notes is a good solo and ensemble instrument.

The famous song "Boats", "High Mountain and Flowing Water".

Zheng is widely popular in the Spring and Autumn Period. The kind of archaeological discoveries, Guixi Spring and Autumn Zheng and Jiangsu Wuxian Longbridge Warring States Zheng, dating back more than 2500 years of history. Its shape, the Department of strings the way, a few strings and future generations Zheng similar.

Lute

Pipa, elastic stringed instruments. Pear-shaped speakers, backplane with sandalwood, mahogany, rosewood, production, panel Paulownia headstock carving Ruyi and other auspicious patterns, some inlaid with precious stones. The modern pipa 6 relative to 18 products, 24 products, 25 products and 28 products such as shape, arranged in equal temperament. Lute frequently used tune a stringed instrument, A, d, e, a, range A ~ g3, the sound crisp and bright, and can play the variety and tone, chords to depict intense scenes, widely used in Chinese folk bands and a variety of local opera accompaniment.

The famous song "House of Flying Daggers", "take Haiqing Swan".

Qin to the Sui and Tang dynasties, the pipa is a general term for a variety of shells stringed instruments. About the fourth century, a pear-shaped speakers, crooked four-column, four-string lute and another straight neck, five columns of five strings lute, introduced by Western Kucha region in northern China from India, also known as Kucha Pipa pipa Hu or huqin are plectrum playing. After the Song Dynasty known as the pipa. Nara, Japan House position a collection of curved lute of China's Tang Dynasty and Wu Xian. Five strings lute crooked lute in the history of assimilation.

Nguyen

Nguyen important plucked string instruments in the ensemble in common is Nguyen and the Nguyen. Conventional four-string the Nguyen range is narrow, the scale is incomplete. The modern improved Nguyen 17-24 grade, arranged in equal temperament, set of four mechanical pegs, five degrees of relationship tune a stringed instrument. Big Nguyen C, G, d, a, range C, ~ a1; zhongruan the G, d, a, e1, range G ~ e2,. Playing, left hand holding the piano Anxian take sound, right hand with fake fingernails or executive paddles bomb string.

Nguyen called in the ancient Chinese lute. Jin Dynasty called Ruanxian people who are good at playing this instrument, and later generations put called it Ruanxian, modern referred Nguyen. Tang Dynasty, Nguyen came to Japan, this Nara House position today in possession of a Tang Dynasty, inlaid with mother sandalwood Ruanxian. Tang and Song Dynasty, Nguyen shape.

Sanxian

Sanxian is important to play the stringed instruments, mainly piano bar, speakers (also known as the piano drums). Speakers on both sides of Mongolia python. Within the three-stringed lute, the outer string as the octave within the string of four or five degrees, the range of about three octaves. The traditional three-stringed lute size of two small three-stringed lute tune a stringed instrument A, d, a or d, a, d1. Big sanxian often G, d, g. The Anxian playing left hand right hand refers to the bomb to the string or plectrum to play three-stringed lute music style is lively and witty. Used for rap music, the accompaniment of local operas and folk instrumental ensemble.

Traditional solos "Acacia Order", "and Haiqing get goose".

The three-stringed lute is generally believed that originated in the Qin Dynasty. In recent years, archaeological excavations have been discovered Liao, Song, Yuan period tomb murals to play three-stringed lute.

Dulcimer

Traditional Chinese dulcimer, speakers showed a butterfly-shaped or flat trapezoid on the home two piano yards, erection of steel wire strings, 8 tone, 10 tone, 12 tone of three kinds, the range of ~ c2, f1, d1 d3, c ~ e3. Chromatic dulcimers for the reform of the modern professional orchestra. Playing the piano placed in the rack, right-hand man armed with a piano bamboo percussion on both sides of the bar code string pronunciation. Clear and melodious tone, wide range, widely used in various folk instrumental ensemble.

The traditional songs are "Dragon Boat", "Su Wu," General ".

The predecessor of the dulcimer, an ancient hit stringed instrument popular in the West Asia region, Persian Santur "(Santur), was brought to China. Since the early Qing literature describes.

Bowed Instruments

Bowed Instruments

Overview of Bowed Instruments

Chinese Bowed Instruments, common the erhu Jinghu, Banhu, Ogo

Hu, Hu, dances, four Hu and fall Hu et al. The common feature of these instruments is to use the horsetail friction mounted on the bow on the strings, the vibration pronunciation. Such musical instruments collectively referred to as the music of the erhu, all over the country to use the music of the erhu and no less than dozens of broadly similar shape, the shape, size, range, tone is different.

Erhu

The erhu is the most representative of the Chinese pull the strings, wood, consisting of the piano rod, Qintong,, bow part. Qintong is the resonance box of the erhu, one end of the sound window, one end of Mongolia to the snake skin or python on home piano yards, two strings. Bows of the cauda equina is sandwiched between two strings bowed. Erhu tone of firmness and flexibility, both played a soft and smooth tunes and can play jump strong melody. China's national orchestra is often served as the main musical instrument. Five-tune a stringed instrument, often given by d1 ~ a1, the range of about three octaves.

The famous track "Traditional" and "Nocturne".

Huqin about nearly a thousand years of history. Xi piano since the Tang and Song, Ji Qin erhu is their predecessor. The literature showed that the Song Dynasty horsetail huqin. Yulin Grottoes, Gansu, a Yuan Dynasty murals, a Kuregaku bow playing a stringed fiddle of musical instruments, and provides about erhu image data. After the Ming Dynasty the shape huqin much the same with today's erhu. Later with the rise of the local opera, many styles of music of the erhu instrument category.

Jinghu

Pipa Chinese local opera opera accompaniment of musical instruments, bamboo. Piano rod side set of pegs, the bottom section into Qintong. Qintong before mouth Mongolia snakeskin, after exposure. Bow on Shuanma Last. Zhang Erxian, with extremely heavy. The five-tune a stringed instrument, commonly used D stressed that E tone two yellow jinghu and E flat, the Sipi jinghu of the G, the range of about two octaves.

The solo is caused by opera tunes such as "open", "Deep in the Night".

Jing Hu Ziqing-generation since the mid, with the formation of the Peking Opera, traditional folk Bowed Instruments on the basis of conversion from. Short rod of the early piano, Qintong Zhang stringed bowed, with a soft bow; the 20th century, half of today's shape. 1950s began to use steel strings.

Banhu

Banhu Qintong use of coconut shell is made of paulownia board masked; piano bar wooden upper end side of the set of two pegs. Jin placed in the middle of the piano bar racks chord. Zhang string or wire 2. The Bows longer. Tip Banhu sound high, large volume, portamento with too broad and simply refreshing and to Banhu unique playing style, suitable for playing high-pitched, warm and cheerful tunes. Tune a stringed instrument d2, a1, range for the d2 g4 and up to two and a half octaves. High music in the band, often served as the strings of the main outs or lead.

Solo "Festival of Lights," "hurry".

Banhu is a treble to pull the strings, the prevalence of Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi and other provinces in China since the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, with the rise of the local opera Bangzi opera, on the basis of the erhu from restructuring.

Wind Instruments

Wind Instruments

Wind instrument profile

Chinese musical instruments in common there are flute, flute, sheng, yu, suona, Xun, pipes, Flute, etc. Depending on the manner of articulation can be divided into three categories:

One, through the blow hole, the atmosphere, causing the vibration of the air column to pronounce, such as the flute, flute;

Second, the atmosphere via the whistle, caused by the vibration of the air column and pronunciation, such as pipes, suona;

, And the breath through the reed, causing the vibration of the air column pronounce, such as Sheng.

Flute

The flute is a cross blown bamboo musical instruments, sound is crisp and bright, suitable for the play of light and bright melodies, the performance of a warm and cheerful mood. The tube body has a blow hole, a membrane pore and six according to the sound hole. Common bell Qudi and bangdi.

Qudi tube body is relatively thick. General D tuning range a1 to b3.

The representativeness music Suzhou line, "" Flying Partridge. Bangdi tube body smaller, the general tone of G range the d2 ~ d4,. The famous bangdi song "Happy Encounter". Flute since the since the emergence of dynasties followed.

Its history can be traced back to the Ba Jiuqian years ago wuyang bone flute. Tomb unearthed in the flute, dating back over the history of 2400.

Flute

Flute, also known as the vertical bamboo flute. Single bamboo wind instruments, flute belong to the same vertical blowing. Flute the top of the V-shaped blow hole, the tube body has six according to the sound hole. Set the tone of the flute is generally G tone, range d1 e3. The flute sound is soft, elegant taste, suitable for playing a delicate and elegant tunes, quiet performance lofty mood. So often appear in the poetry of the ancient Chinese literati painting.

On behalf of track "Yangguansandie the", "Su Wu Yang,

The flute had emerged in the Han Dynasty figurines, its history should be more ancient. Tang and Song Dynasties shakuhachi, flute, pipes and flute, is the predecessor of modern vertical bamboo flute.

Sheng

Sheng is a widely held multi-pipe wind instrument, by Sheng fighting, constitute Sheng pipe and reed, by the vibration of the copper reed and pronunciation, so the spring, tube hybrid tone, crisp, transparent treble, bass fullness soft. Be able to play four degrees, five degrees, octave vocals, and the characteristics of traditional harmony. Modern civil society in the 14 reed Sheng 17-reed Sheng most popular, range: 14 spring d1 e3, 17 reed Sheng a1 d3,.

There on behalf of the tracks out of water lilies, peacock screen ".

Oracle of the Shang Dynasty of China have been the embryonic form of Sheng. Sheng tomb unearthed cultural relics dating back 2400 years ago. Changsha Mawangdui mid-century (BC) unearthed yu is the ancient popular Sheng class instrument. Nara, Japan House position in possession of the Tang Dynasty of China sheng and yu.

Xun

Xun Neolithic Chinese wind instrument, usually baked with soil. Early Pottery Xun was mostly egg-shaped, top of the set to blow holes, abdomen sound hole ranging from 1 to 7. There are a small number of special-shaped pottery Xun, the jade Gate Huoshaogou unearthed the fish Xun. Tao Xun late, there has been a lot of head-shaped, animal shaped Tao Xun. Xun's deep timbre, Flirting, and suitable for the performance of sad to think the mood of nostalgia.

Chinese pottery has been found Xun number of the first specimens of the Hemudu site of Yuyao County, Zhejiang, it has only one sound hole, dating back over 7000 years of history. Xun has been in use from that era to today.

Suona

The suona audible whistle reed wind instrument, and mainly by posts, poles and bowls. Sound high-pitched rough, ambitious volume, often as a lead instrument or combination with percussion playing, it is appropriate to the performance of warm, jubilant atmosphere. Ceremonial gatherings, festivals, marriages and deaths in rural areas for the Northern folk music organizations, play a musical instrument. The suona varieties more commonly used in the D tune small suona, A, bB tune in suona, the range of two octaves.

The representativeness music "Bainiaozhaofeng".

The suona Central Asia Department, musical instruments, from ancient Mesopotamia Mesopotamia. Spread to Xinjiang Baicheng area about the Jin Dynasty period. Shanxi Datong Yungang Grottoes Cave 12, you can see the sculpture of the Northern Wei period, play wood suona's Dancing Girls. The suona used by the Central Plains in the Song Dynasty and modern.